Trading Patterns

1. EXW (Ex Works):

The seller makes the goods available at their premises or another agreed-upon location.

The buyer is responsible for all transportation costs, risks, and customs clearance from the seller's premises to the final destination.

2. FOB (Free On Board):

The seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the designated port or vessel.

Once the goods are loaded onto the vessel, the buyer assumes responsibility for transportation, insurance, and any additional costs.

3. CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight):

The seller is responsible for the cost of the goods, insurance coverage during transportation, and freight charges to the destination port.

The seller arranges and pays for transportation and insurance until the goods reach the designated port of arrival.

4. DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid):

The seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the buyer's specified location, excluding import duties and taxes.

The buyer is responsible for customs clearance, import duties, and taxes upon arrival at the destination.

5. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid):

The seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the buyer's specified location, including customs clearance and import duties.

The seller bears all risks and costs until the goods are delivered and cleared for import at the buyer's premises.